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- From: deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards)
- Subject: Gnosis-Overview
- Message-ID: <deaneCn1I37.6FF@netcom.com>
- Followup-To: poster
- Summary: This document contains a general overview of gnosis.
- It should be read by anyone interested in understanding
- what gnosis is and what differentiates it from other forms
- of mystic experience
- Keywords: gnosis,mysticism,spirit,consciousness,logos,sufi,marifat
- Sender: deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards)
- Reply-To: deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards)
- Organization: La Casa del Paese Lontano
- Date: Tue, 22 Mar 1994 00:16:17 GMT
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.edu
- Expires: Fri, 22 Apr 1994 23:59:59 GMT
- Lines: 107
- Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu alt.religion.gnostic:102 alt.consciousness:2580 sci.psychology:11241 soc.history:19704 sci.answers:1003 soc.answers:993 alt.answers:2174 news.answers:16719
-
- Archive-name: gnosis/overview
- Last-modified: 8 March 1994
- Version: 1.0
-
- Gnosis Overview
- This document is posted monthly to alt.religion.gnostic and to other
- relevant newsgroups. It is maintained by deane@netcom.com (Dean
- Edwards).
-
- ******************************
- NOTE: The following general overview of gnosis is not intended to
- be the last word or the definitive work on this subject. Rather it
- is, as its title implies, intended to provide the participant or
- reader with a set of guidelines that will familiarize them with
- the general use of the terms gnosis, ma'rifat, jnana, mystical ecstasy
- and other related terms. It will also review the trends, study and
- practice of historic and contemporary experience of gnosis. Pleae
- send comments to: deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards).
-
- GNOSIS-OVERVIEW
- c 1994 Dean Edwards
-
- The purpose of this document is to provide a general overview of the
- historical and contemporary trends, techniques. practice and
- development of gnosis and gnosticism as well as related concepts
- such as mystical ecstasy, jnana (Sanskrit), Ma'rifat (Arabic)and
- Erfan (Persian) The Gnosis-Overview is intended to serve as a general
- on-line reference about gnosis in the soc.religion., talk.religion.,
- and sci. and alt. hierarchies (among others). It may not be sold or
- resold without permission of the author.
-
- Gnosis comes from a Greek word meaning 'to know' in the sense of to
- be acquainted.Gnosis in a more specific religious sense refers to
- the knowledge of God and the fullness of the true spiritual realms
- through direct personal experience. Similar terms are jnana
- (Sanskrit) and ma'rifat (Arabic). A gnostic is someone who has had
- such an experience or who has been initiated into a tradition which
- provides access to such personal revelations. (Please note that as a
- term 'jnana' should not be confused with jnana yoga, which as a system
- of yoga is related to study and not to the topic of gnosis.)
-
- Gnosis is not simply a synonym for mysticism, paranormal, occult,
- metaphysics, esoteric or knowledge. It is a distinct category of
- mystical experience.
-
- A gnostic religious-philosophical movement flourished during the
- first several centuries of the current era. Although the presence of
- gnostic concepts were documented in Alexandria during the Second
- Century B.C.E., no system of practice emerged until the Second
- Century C.E..
-
- The effects of the presence of Gnosticism as a systematized religious
- and spiritual practice were felt throughout Europe, Asia and North
- Africa. These effects continue to be felt today. While much of the
- focus in gnostic studies has been with the Christian forms of gnosis,
- Jewish, Islamic, Hindu, Taoist, Buddhist, pagan and other versions
- are also present in the historical and contemporary record. An active
- academic debate about the origins of gnosticism and gnosis is a major
- focus of many scholars. The discussion and study of gnosis as an
- approach to spirituality cannot be easily tied to any single religion.
-
- Gnosis involves direct "knowledge" and experience of the sacred,
- rather than relying exclusively on faith, belief or study of sacred
- texts. The gnostic draws upon this inner experience and knowledge to
- describe the origin and true nature of all things.
-
- The world is often seen as a training ground or prison for soul as
- it seeks spiritual liberation, a return to its true home in the
- Pleroma or realms of pure spirit beyond the physical and psychic
- regions of matter, emotion and the mind. The true nature of Soul is
- as a divine spark which originally issued forth from the fountain-
- head of God. Systems of gnosis often teach that only through the
- intercession of a messanger from the pure spiritual realms can the
- soul become acquainted with God. The original Greek word, gnosis, as
- noted above, meant knowledge in terms of being 'acquainted with'. The
- gnostic in any form is a 'friend of God'.
-
- Please note that soul in the above paragraph refers to the spark of
- individualized spiritual essence that dwells within the consciousness
- or mind. In some systems the word 'spirit' itself is used instead of
- soul. Soul then becomes interchangeable with mind. In Greek, for
- instance, the word 'psyche' means both mind and soul. 'pneuma' on
- the other hand means spirit, wind, breath, air.
-
- Today, new schools of gnosticism such as the Ecclesia Gnostica
- have emerged in the West. The ancient movement still thrives in
- several Sufi orders of Islam. (The Arabic term for gnosis is marifat.)
- There are also strong gnostic influences in Jewish Kabbalah, and in
- Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism. Similar patterns are found in India
- in the teachings
- in the teachings of the Fifteenth Century poet Kabir and in the
- Sikhism.
-
- As a field of academic study gnosticism has risen to prominence as a
- result of the discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library materials in Egypt
- in 1945 and earlier discoveries of Manichaean materials. This document
- is intended to serve as a foundation for a continuing serious exchange
- of information, questions and views about historical and contemporary
- gnosis, gnostics and Gnosticism.
-
- Future editions of this document will include sections summarizing
- various schools of gnosis. Additional information is also available
- at most libraries by looking up Gnosticism or Sufism in the subject
- index.
- ****************************************************
-
-
-